Axit deoxyribonucleic (DNA)

DNA is a double-stranded nucleic acid composed of nucleotides containing deoxyribose, phosphate groups, and nitrogenous bases. Its sequence encodes genetic instructions for cellular structure and function. In molecular biology, DNA is studied to understand heredity, gene expression, mutation, genome organization, and biotechnology applications such as cloning, PCR, sequencing, and gene editing.